Absenteeism. Causes and Effects - 1811 Words

Absenteeism I. Meaning Absenteeism is the term generally used to refer to unscheduled employee absences from the workplace. Many causes of absenteeism are legitimate, for example personal illness or family issues, but absenteeism also can often be traced to other factors such as a poor work environment or workers who are not committed to their jobs. If such absences become excessive, they can have a seriously adverse impact on a businesss operations and, ultimately, its profitability. The Labour Department in India defined the absenteeism rate as the total man-shifts lost because of absences as a percentage of the total number of man-shifts scheduled. So for calculation of the rate of the absenteeism we require the number of persons†¦show more content†¦10. Nature of work: the absenteeism rate is also affected by the nature of work. According to Prof. William pointed out that absenteeism prevails because workers are not accustomed to the factory life and factory discipline. In other words, absenteeism prevails because the nature of work in factories is different from that for which the worker is accustomed. So when they come to work in the factory, they feel strange, this new situation make them uncomfortable, so lead to high rate of absenteeism of the industrial workers. 11. Other causes : The above factor which are caused the absenteeism in the Industrial which are pointed out briefly by the Labour Commission. However, there can be tow other factors which caused the absenteeism in industrial sector. These factors are: a) personal Factors and b) workplace factors. A. Personal factor: The personal factor also divided into other sub-factors, these are: i. Personal Attitude: there are different attitude of employees. The Employees with strong workplace ethics will respect their work and appreciate the contribution they make to their companies. Such employees will not engage themselves in takingShow MoreRelatedThe Study of Absenteeism, Part of a Research Essay648 Words   |  3 Pagesmean one has access to prime states of mind no matter what kind of situation one is facing. One is able to act efficiently, perceive exactly, and think clearly to accomplish one’s goals and aspirations. The study of absenteeism is very important for any college. The word absenteeism means the absence of a student from class when he is expected to be present at school/college. When teacher has no information in advance, that the student will not report for class if he has taken leave to which he isRead MoreThe Role Of Absenteeism Within Female Staff Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper is going to focus on the main factors that cause and influence absenteeism within female staff specifically within Not Well Women ltd and how this compares to male staff. The review of this literature in this paper leads to two research questions (1) what factors cause the greatest amount of absenteeism of female workers? (2) What factors seems to cause the decreased amount of absenteeism for male workers? This review sets out to explore the answer to the question of how we ‘ESTABLISINGRead MoreIndia s Quality Of Education1096 Words   |  5 Pagesextreme lack of quality in education in India. There have been many responses to solve the issue of quality in education, however most are unsuccessful. Instead responses that cover less broad areas of the quality of education, such as teacher absenteeism and the examination system, have been more successful in improving quality in the Indian education system. To improve the overall quality of education in India there have been many reforms. In 1993 the district primary education programme (DPEP)Read MoreEffective Employment Relations Strategies For A Smooth Implementation884 Words   |  4 Pageswill have an effect on employment relations. Effective employment relations strategies will help reduce the impact of change on the workforce and result in a smooth implementation. Qantas is an example of a business that identified a need for improve effectiveness to better build employee’s motivation and more productivity. The indicator of effectiveness is: ï‚ ·High staff turn over ï‚ ·High levels of absenteeism ï‚ ·Accidents ï‚ ·Poor customer service ï‚ ·Disputes and internal conflict Absenteeism is refers toRead MoreAbsenteeism at Ono Inc. Case 2-1 Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesCase 2-1 Absenteeism at ONO Inc. ONO is a large auto-supply company that does a large volume of business with only eleven employees. Absenteeism seems to have increased over the last two years and has had a significant effect on ONO. The information in the text shows that ONO had lost 539 employee labor-hours or 67.375 days to employee absenteeism last year. Because there are only eleven employees, this equals out to 6.125 missed days per employee. This is actually less than the United StatesRead More2.1.6.2 Functional And Dysfunctional Turnover. Functional1493 Words   |  6 Pagesunqualified, inexpert, and untalented employees leave the organization, the turnover is termed as unskilled turnover and vice versa. 2.1.7 Absenteeism Absenteeism is defined as â€Å"an unplanned, disruptive incident and can be seen as non-attendance when an employee is scheduled for work† (Van der Merwe Miller, 1988, p. 3). Milkovich and Boudreau (1994) further define absenteeism as â€Å"the frequency and/ or duration of work time lost when employees do not come to work.† Johnson, Croghan and Crawford (2003) positRead MoreThe Effects Of Attendance On A Company s Bottom Line980 Words   |  4 Pagesattendance is not only an expectation, but employers have the right to receive good attendance. Absenteeism has an effect on a company’s bottom line. One of these effects is a decrease in productivity which causes employees to carrying an extra workload, supporting new or replacement staff, or be required to train and orientate new or replacement workers which affects staff morale and employee service. Another effect felt by a company is financial costs. These costs include: overtime or agency cost forRead Mor eEffective Wellness Programs For Reducing Absenteeism1332 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities to reduce absenteeism. Wellness programs have become increasingly popular because it has proven to be beneficial to both employers and employees. Consequently, the vast majority of organizations offer some type of wellness benefit to their employees since an effective wellness program can improve employees’ health, which can reduce absenteeism and increase productivity, morale and retention. The LAMP framework will be utilized to determine the reason why absenteeism is a major concern andRead MoreHigh Presenteeism s Organization Psychology And Health, Lancaster University, Cary Cooper1325 Words   |  6 Pagessensible that high presenteeism would cause productivity loss due to underperforming on work (Cetin, 2016). Sickness workers are unable to work as productively as healthy employees since illness staffs cannot concentrate on their tasks; they may spend much time doing nothing. Pres enteeism always reduce productivity, and the costs of presenteeism is much higher than health care cost on organisation (John, 2010). Headache, bad cold, stomachache cannot be a cause that employees keep away from work, butRead MoreManagement and Common Health Issues Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesThree common health issues that can affect productivity in the workplace 1. Depression Depression in the workplace affects productivity as one in 5 employees is affected by depression at any one time leading to higher rates of absenteeism and presenteeism which causes three times less productivity than a healthy employee. Depression can affect employees productivity, judgement, ability to work with others, and overall job performance Strategies or standard approaches to address the issue of

Examples Of Conflict In Animal Farm - 1319 Words

Composers utilise techniques and compelling concepts to teach individuals powerful messages about conflict. The novella Animal Farm by George Orwell allegorically refers to the conflict of the Russian Revolution and demonstrates that the desire for power corrupts the human condition, leading to the deterioration of society. It also exhibits that the abuse of language is instrumental in manipulating the ignorant to gain power. Edward Zwick’s movie Glory provides an insight into the story behind a group of persecuted African-American men, who show determination to be permitted to fight for their country. It demonstrates that relationships allow individuals to overcome their inner conflicts, empowering them to grow and transform. Conflict†¦show more content†¦Power should be utilised in a benevolent way to ensure that all individuals are treated fairly and with compassion. Napoleon begins to transform into an evil tyrant as a result of his abuse of power. Orwell’s use of repetition, â€Å"The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which†. displays that once a person is consumed by a lust for power, they transform into an individual who has lost their morality. When power is abused, individuals become unrecognisable. Animal Farm demonstrates how power can fall into the wrong hands, resulting in conflict. Society needs to be mindful when placing individuals into positions of power as they can become obsessed and eventually take over and destroy societies. Adversity amongst groups and individuals has the capability to transform individuals and reshape communities. The abuse of language is instrumental in manipulating the naà ¯ve to gain power. The Russian Revolution involved a multitude of written and spoken propaganda. In the novella Animal Farm, George Orwell portrayed the manipulation of speech through a character named Squealer, a pig who acted as a spokesperson for Napoleon. Conflict emerges when the intelligent,Show MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Animal Farm Although they claimed the farm to be a utopia, the pigs secretly were deceiving their fellow animals and turning the farm into a dystopia. In George Orwell s Animal Farm all of the animals are mistreated by Farmer Jones, but they wish to be treated as equals and live in a utopia so they rebel and take over the farm. The animals first write commandments to avoid chaos, but the leader pigs selfishly modify the commandments in their favor. In the end, the farm is worse offRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1212 Words   |  5 PagesShe stood there over the dead animals thinking to herself what have we come to? We try to become free but we just enslave ourselves to a so called superior kind. Napoleon killed the animals in front of the whole farm and said that this was to be the punishment for the traitors. Snowball was known as a traitor now and anyone conspiring with him would be killed. Snowball and Napoleon both represent historical characters during the Russian revolution in 1917 .Snowball who was one of the smartest pigsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1460 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm A quote from Wayne Dyer, a late American author and motivational speaker, says that â€Å"[f]reedom means you are unobstructed in living your life as you choose. Anything less is a form of slavery.† This promotes the idea that ultimate freedom to control one’s life is the only way to live. One way to achieve this freedom, if not given, is to stage a revolution against authority. In Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell, parallels are drawn between his characters and theRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1449 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept that the animals in George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm crave. The animals of Animal Farm want freedom from their â€Å"dictator† Farmer Jones and the rest of humanity. Their problem is that Farmer Jones and humanity are still in power. With the bravery of two pigs, Napoleon and Snowball, the animals overthrow their human oppressors and free themselves from humanity. With his new freedom Napoleon craves power and expels Sno wball. He becomes the dictator of Animal Farm and makes the farm a place whereRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm923 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Character Analysis Essay â€Å"Old major†¦ was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say† (Orwell 1). The author, George Orwell, portrayed Old Major as the wisest of all the animals on the farm, and without being said, Major was a big part of Animal Farm. In fact, he influenced the lives of all the animals with just one speech. On the day of this speech, Major taught all the animals his wise ideas in a kind supportingRead MoreAnimal Farm Character Analysis938 Words   |  4 Pagescelebrated novelist well known for his political satire in the fairy tale, Animal Farm. The theme of power in the book is recurring and greatly present throughout the piece. Through the use of characterization, conflict, and irony, Orwell shows that those in the position of power can become like its predecessor. Orwell demonstrates that those in power can become like their predecessor through characterization. One example comes from page 107: At about half past nine Napoleon, wearing an oldRead MoreCharacters In Animal Farm, By George Orwell1079 Words   |  5 PagesJanuary 21,1950 in London,United Kingdom. George Orwell published Animal Farm on August 17,1945. The setting of Animal Farm is on a farm in England. The characters in Animal Farm are based off of leaders or people during a Russian political upheaval. The book reflects on the events leading to the Russian Revolution of 1917. George Orwell uses different characters and themes in Animal Farm such as leadership,corruption, and class conflict. Old Major is one of the leaders of the pigs. Old Major is a prizeRead MoreEssay on Animal Farm And The Russian Revolution877 Words   |  4 Pages George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm is a great example of allegory and political satire. The novel was written to criticize totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalins corrupt rule in Russia. In the first chapter Orwell gives his reasons for writing the story and what he hopes it will accomplish. It also gives reference to the farm and how it relates to the conflicts of the Russian revolution. The characters, settings, and the plot were written to describe the social upheaval during that periodRead MoreComparative Essay: Leadership Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm1120 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Comparative essay: Leadership in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay question: You are required to write a comparative essay. You should compare one aspect of the texts such as theme, conflict, character or relationship. The texts are ‘Lord of the Flies’ and ‘Animal Farm’. The two books, Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm circle around the themes of power, leadership, law, disorder, good and evil. On a personal level, these themes come up in the way people relate to each other: How theyRead MoreAnimal Farm and the Russian Revolution - Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwells novel Animal Farm is a great example of allegory and political satire. The novel was written to criticize totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalins corrupt rule in Russia. In the first chapter Orwell gives his reasons for writing the story and what he hopes it will accomplish. It also gives reference to the farm and how it relates to the conflicts of the Russian revolution. The characters, settings, and the plot were written to describe the social upheaval during that period

Juan Ponce de Leon Free Essays

n Juan Ponce de Leon was born around 1460 in San Tervas de Campos, Spain. He was the first Spanish explorer to arrive in Florida. In 1493, Ponce de Leon and Christopher Columbus sailed together on Columbus’ 2nd voyage to America. We will write a custom essay sample on Juan Ponce de Leon or any similar topic only for you Order Now They had settled on an island named Hispaniola, which is present day Dominican Republic, where Ponce de Leon had become governor at. In 1506, he had discovered an island close by named Borinquen, and during his time here, he found lots of gold.Once he made this discovery and took most of it, he left the island of Borinquen. In 1508, he was ordered by the king of Spain to return to Borinquen to colonize it. Later on, he had renamed this island Puerto Rico. He became the island’s governor for two years until he was replaced with Columbus’s son by the king. He was hurt by what the king had done, so he decided to go sailing again. This time it was in the north direction towards Florida. As usual, he was searching for new valuables and land. Along his journey, he was introduced to a fountain of youth. This was a magical spring that Indians believed whose water was able to make old people look young. Ponce de Leon searched many areas in hopes to find the treasures and the fountain, but failed to do so. In 1513, he landed on Florida’s east coast and claimed this land for Spain.Since he was the one who discovered this piece of land, he was entitled to name it and named it La Florida, or â€Å"Place of Flowers. † After, he decided to sail down the coast where he had experienced rough currents and named this area Cape Canaveral, meaning â€Å"Cape of Currents. † Then he went down the east coast of Florida to arrive on an island that had lots of turtles. He named it Dry Tortugas, because no water was present on the island and â€Å"tortugas† which means â€Å"turtles† in spanish. How to cite Juan Ponce de Leon, Papers

Genius Paper free essay sample

In Kurt Vonnegut’s, Harrison Bergeron, and Malcolm Gladwell’s, Outliers: The Story of Success, â€Å"The Trouble with Geniuses† Part I II, are both similar because they tell stories that are about geniuses and how they live their lives. Being a genius does not mean that life is simple, but that life is filled with disadvantages and you just have to deal with the situations. In Outliers, the two main characters are Christopher Langan and Robert Oppenheimer are real people who struggle with their disadvantages, such as: excuses, appearance, IQs, and Their stories will be compared with Harrison Bergeron’s life as another genius who is a fictional character. Christopher Langan is the world’s smartest man alive, at the age of sixty-one with an IQ of one hundred and ninety-five. Langan would appear in interviews, magazine articles, and TV shows such as 1vs. 100, Likewise in Outliers, â€Å"Saget looked at Langen oddly, as if he were some kind of laboratory specimen. We will write a custom essay sample on Genius Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (70). Langan is the eldest of four brothers living with a single mother on a ranch house not having much but each other. At age three Langan read comics, and at age five Langan was curious about his religion, Langan’s mother’s boyfriend would abuse the boys, until one day Langan had enough, socked the boyfriend so hard, that he left and has never came back. Langan would never show up to any of classes but he would attend school for test days and he would ace the tests. Robert Oppenheimer is another character that Gladwell mentions on how he is a genius. In the third grade, Oppenheimer did lab experiments and in fifth grade, he study physics and chemistry. Oppenheimer grew up in a wealthy neighborhood and he was involved with social activities. Oppenheimer had friends that were communist and he was not. Oppenheimer enrolled in Harvard, and then to Cambridge University for a degree in Physics. Oppenheimer’s tutor Patrick Blackett had forced Oppenheimer to study physics and to work on it for his whole day which Oppenheimer disliked and he wanted to change this torture. Oppenheimer had locked himself in a chemistry lab room and was plotting to poison his tutor, but instead of being expelled, Oppenheimer was sent to therapy to get help. . Oppenheimer had help America during War World II by inventing the atomic bomb that had made Japan forfeit the war. In Kurt Vonnegut’s story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† society was a very important concept. It is described as a futuristic American society because it takes place in 2081. It is described as a communist structure, where if you break the law you have to suffer the consequences and suffer. Society is taken to a whole other level when it comes to the American’s Declaration of Independence. The Amendments 211, 212, 213 to the Constitution states that â€Å"All men are created equal. † This concept is taken literally where no one can be uglier, weaker, attractive, or slower than everyone else. Citizens that are gifted with higher intelligence and are brighter are punished and handicapped in order to be equal to the rest of the citizens. They created a team called â€Å"The Handicapper General† and they enforce the law. Intelligent citizens are forced to wear a radio on their head to keep them from being different from others. In addition, citizen who are considered beautiful are forced to wear a mask to hide their face from others so others don’t feel bad about themselves. In this story, the main character Harrison Bergeron was taken away from their parents at a very young age because he was brighter than most people. He was different from what society has as an aspect of. Bergeron was consider weird for being smarter than everyone else because he kept on getting A’s while everyone else was failing miserably for having an IQ of sixty and having to stay behind grades for little knowledge. Bergeron was not welcomed at school for his success and not accepted by his peers and teachers. At age sixteen he was taken from his parents and he was held hostage and was strapped down, he wasn’t able to leave the facility they took him to. Few years later he escapes from this facility and disrupts a ballerina performance and his mother is watching him on television, he claimed that he would destroy anything that got in his way. Bergeron had planted a bomb below the auditorium of the ballet show and he threatened anyone that disagreed with him, so everyone watched Bergeron take over the show. All the citizens were handicapped as it is so to go against someone who was a genius and a stronger man would not be ideal. As his mother watches her son getting killed on stage she starts to gets emotional when all of a sudden she forgets and tells her husband George she’s sad, but she can’t remember why. One of a disadvantage that the genius had faced was excuses. When Langen was enrolled in college at Reed College in Oregon and Montana State, he was expelled from both schools for not having a good reason of his situations. The Langen’s first excuse was that his mother had forgotten to fill out his financial aid papers, â€Å"Then I had lost that scholarship†¦.. My mother was suppose to fill out those financial statements for the renewal of that scholarship. †(93). So Langen could not continue on his education with Reed College. When he was attending Montana University, his car had broken down because his brothers had borrowed his car and they had driven recklessly that damage the car itself. Langen did not have enough money to fix his car, so he had no transportation, and he was sure enough expelled from this University. As for Oppenheimer, he would inform his professors about his situations and they had believed him, but it could be because of Oppenheimer’s communication skills is greater than Langen’s excuses were. Langen had lack communication skills because he had come from a ranch lifestyle to a suburb lifestyle with no knowledge at all. As Oppenheimer grew up into a rich community, where everyone had knew each other and had get to gathers with social communities. In the Harrison Bergeron movie, Bergeron had went through an excuse was being the smartest person alive in the time the movie had set place in. Bergeron was considered a genius for having an IQ higher than one-hundred, than the others who have IQs less than one-hundred. Bergeron would be made of fun of being a genius and everyone would wonder, â€Å"Why is Bergeron acting this way or talking a certain way? † (Harrison Bergeron Movie) There would be some reasons in which Bergeron could not be the same as the others, but he was protected by the government. Bergeron had live with his family, as the others in is house, were affected by the wire hand band. So when Bergeron had left and did his thing on television, no one had recognized who he was and when Bergeron was hurt, no one would seemed to care or anything, So Harison suffers and so does his family as well. Both these stories have a similar concept of how geniuses are treated and their disadvantages. One of the main reasons Gladwell outlines is there IQ. Genesis have the highest IQ scores, but when it had come down to the Divergence Test, they had failed miserably by not coming up with any imagination of the use of a blanket and a brick. â€Å"It requires you to use your imagination and take your mind in as many different directions as possible. † (86-87). Another study was when high school students were at least the top thirty of their class, smartest of America, top SAT scores, and GPA of 4. 0 or above, yet when applying to Stanford or any top schools, at least ten percent were accepted, why? Well it could be the fact when writing their letter of recommendation; they had little use of social aspects and did not complete with others was well then those other ten percent who were involved and did have high social class. The relationship between success and IQ works only up to a point once someone has reached an IQ of somewhere around one-twenty, having additional IQ points does not seem to translate into any measurable real-advantage. In addition, in Outliers the author Malcolm Gladwell talks about society and how it impacts your life and the people around you. He talks about â€Å"practical intelligence† which means the ability to change in different situations that life gives you. For example, saying the right thing to the right person in the right situation. Furthermore, to explain this concept better he describes parenting styles by a sociologist named Annette Lareau. Annette Lareau was a sociologist, from 1993-1995. She had interest in parenting styles, racial issues, and social class. She conducted a research on parenting styles, it was called concerted cultivation vs. natural growth. She and her researchers studied over 80 families. Lareu instructed the families to pay attention to their kids. To spend time with them when they had free time. She called this strategy â€Å"the family dog. † Annette discovered that the working class parents pursed an approach called â€Å"accomplishment of natural growth. † Whereas middle class families used an approach called â€Å"concerted cultivation. † The working class family, had their children exposed mostly to the outdoors, more often you would find them playing with their friends from their neighborhood or siblings. And as for parents in the working class, they spent more time working and waiting for their transportation, they didn’t have time to spend with their children. Working class parents also tended to be more authoritarian. These kids didn’t question anyone with authority. For example, their teachers, principals, or anyone with a higher position. These children were described as quiet, mellow, and uninvolved. They called this parenting style â€Å"accomplishment of natural growth. † Furthermore, children in the middle class were completely different from the working class. Their families had more time to spend with them whereas working class didn’t. These families treated their children like â€Å"the family dog. † They were accompanied by their parents to their appointment, sport practices, and school activities. These parents made their kids go from one activity to the other. The children in the middle class families were more involved in after school activities and outside clubs. These parents adapted a strategy called â€Å"concerted cultivation. † As a result these children questioned authority more and were less quiet. Annette gives an example of this. She describes a little boy named Alex that comes from a middle class family. He was being taken to the doctors by his mother, and during the car ride she tells her son to not be shy and to tell him anything he wants. Moreover, while Alex was in the room at the doctors he asked him questions without being shy and he interrupted the doctor when he didn’t know what he was talking about. This showed that Alex certainly understood that he was â€Å"worthy of adult interest† like Annette says. As a result Annette says that there is no strategy that is morally better than the other. Children in that grew up in the working class families were more inventive, better behaved, and self-reliant. Whereas in the middle class family, children grew up to be more confident and had a huge advantage in the professional and educational setting. In Outliers, Gladwell compares Annette Lareau’s research with the case study of Christopher Langan vs. Oppenheimer. Oppenheimer came from a wealthy family. His father was a doctor and a successful man. Oppenheimer was able to attend some of the best school back then at his time. When Oppenheimer was in school he tried to kill one of his tutor but he convinced the administrators of his school to not expel him. Whereas Christopher Langan grew up from a poor family and an abusive father. Even though his IQ exceeded Einstein’s he didn’t have the same advantage as Oppenheimer. Christopher’s mother didn’t sign his financial papers on time and he wasn’t able to attend that school at all. Langan did not have the same social skills as Oppenheimer did. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† Harrison was really smart but was unable to convince the law to let him go. He suffered from being too smart from everyone else and he was punished. This relates to Gladwell’s concept on why geniuses suffer. Furthermore, Gladwell outlines that geniuses are looked as different from others. For example, in Outliers, â€Å"Saget looked at Langen oddly, as if he were some kind of laboratory specimen† (70). Gladwell describes how being too smart makes people look at you differently. Likewise in â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† Harrison was not welcomed at school for his success and not accepted by his peers and his teachers. This is how geniuses are looked at by society. In conclusion, Gladwell outlines many issues that geniuses go though. He explains that even geniuses who know everything, lack of social skills. Moreover, a high IQ means nothing when putting it into real life situations. In addition, geniuses face many issues with society because the of the way that they are looked at. This is how geniuses in â€Å"Outliers† and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† have similar characteristics that Gladwell outlines.

Organisational Change and Development

Introduction So as to be able to achieve organizational goals and objectives, it’s important for the organization to embrace effective interventions. Organization development interventions are aimed at increasing the performance and output of the organization. So as to be successful, organization development interventions should affect the whole organization and should go down to the individual level.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Change and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The interventions should be sponsored by the head of the company and should be supported by the organization’s staff. Interventions that should be implemented in this case should involve respect for employees and the administration, having a working administration in the organization, having trust and open channels of communication between the administration and employees. The interventions must be ab le to support open confrontation of problems that are facing the organization. Major stakeholders in the organization must also participate actively in the interventions. This will somehow give the interventions a bit of weight and seriousness Dustdar (2006). Management For any company to prosper, proper management should be implemented. Management is defined as the act of leading and directing all or part of an organizational structure through the deployment and use of resources; human, financial, material intellectual or intangible. It involves providing guidance and letting others follow through. Poor management often leads to chaos and confusion among workers in a particular company or organization, leading to misuse of available resources and hence low production Dustdar (2006). Problems noted Bladetech Australia is a manufacturing company that after a while of being a productive company has seen its growth rate dwindling. It is noted that the company has began failing due faci ng direct competition from the Korean Manufacturing of windscreen wipers and as a result causing the Australian government to reduce its tariffs. As much as the tariff reduction would help consolidate the global competitiveness of Australian companies as a whole, it also makes them four to five percent less competitive than other economies in the world. Bladetech therefore may suffer a great loss to the Korean company.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bladetech a need to have better use of support functions and resources involved in new product development. This is an issue noted that has led to the inflexibility of the structure and service operations such as engineering and design. The lack of flexibility in a manufacturing company, or any company for that matter should be an issue of concern as it may lead to dysfunctional relationships between different departments in the company and miscommunication. This leads to failure in the company as a whole because it is the departments that make up the organization. Another problem facing Bladetech is the lack of proper and aggressive marketing. Marketing is an important aspect in the development and growth of a business venture. It is through marketing that a company attracts its potential customers and investors more so advertises its products creating new opportunities for market expansion. Badetech has failed in actively trying to expand its marketing horizons leading to it having limited access to its products. Bladetech has poor structure and the lack of co-ordination among the departments. The general manager is viewed as the overall overseer of the three departmental heads; operations, sales and marketing, and human resource management, under which operation and sales and marketing managers are concerned with the departments of engineering and design, manufacturing and distribution. Apart from havin g a disorganized structure, there is weak managerial competence and training at all levels of employees in the company. This has led to disunity between the various departments due to unconstructive criticism and comments towards each other. The efforts employed to initiate several training and change programs have seemed futile due to the negative attitude from the affected parties which has as a result provided almost no solution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Change and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The manager operations points out that the marketing and the HRM fields are at fault. He notes that the marketing field engages in expensive marketing that he implies might not be necessary because he probably does not seem to see its results, whereas HRM involves itself in training and development courses. The major problem here however is the issue of pointing fingers. This partic ular manager blames his failures on his fellow colleagues without acknowledging any efforts that might have been put out by them towards the improvement of their firm. He further fails to concede that one of his teams a need attention to achieve improvement Spedding (2008). The main constraints affecting the operations group is the lack new ideas and innovation, the time taken to implement the ideas and the time it takes to come up with new products Williamson (2004). This has been greatly fuelled by the lack of proper technological assistance and the slow adoption of the latest technologies and current management practices. These management practices have been characterized by the head of operations who actually maintains that a need for an expert in organizational development is merely a waste of financial resources! According to the manager of sales and marketing, the major issue facing his field is the lack of proper rewards to him and his subordinates who often are dedicated to lengthy working hours Nuthall (2010). This has led to loss of productive force hence poor production. He further comments that his proposals for improvement have been met by strong rejections from the other fields. The lack of support of the various departments is seen as the problem here that has hindered the development of the company. It can be concluded here that each department is after individual benefits other than the general growth of the company Bates (2005). The problems affecting the accounting and financial field as mentioned by its manager is bombardment of too many changes in the field in a short spun of time. It the lacks the newest system of financial technology that might be useful in updating its financial records and is not welcoming to future changes in its operations Burrow (2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unfortunately, management in this department does not exhibit the confidence and assertiveness that is key to any employee that hold an important post. She avoids one on one discussion about the issues affecting her field and prefers to communicate via email. The issue with this kind of communication method especially when dealing with important matters is the information might be missed or not clearly understood. In general, the key problems facing the company are as listed: Poor organizational structure. Poor communication channels among the departments in the company. The lack of proper marketing strategies. The lack of incentives for workers. Presence of incompetent employees. The lack of new and improved technologies. The lack of new ideas for innovation. In order for Bladetech Company to move forward in their quest for improvement, there is a need for providing probable solutions to the problems that are affecting them by evaluating each individually and noting their roots S tatt (1999). Bladetech structural organization might not be viewed as a strong one in that there is only one overseer that is supposed to manage and direct operations of the other heads. This problem might be taken care of by introducing assistants to all levels of managements. This improves the chances that the head is overwhelmed by too much work hence losing track of the activities of the subordinates North (1997). Bladetech needs to work as a unit in terms of communication. Listening skills need to be used to facilitate better relations between the fields. Heads of department should try to hear each other out and try to understand the challenges that face individual fields before disregarding their opinions and wishes. This will generate better working environment comfortable to each employee Jeston (2006). Recommendations The company should improve its marketing strategies. This can be done by looking for ways to expanding market for their products, looking at the current compe titive pricing of the product in the available market and try to regulate their prices that is being fair yet competitive. Bladetech sales and promotion field should try to look for better opportunities outside and view this venture positively, not as a cost but as a means of creating awareness of their products in the global market Thomas (2011). Orientation is the most important part of the first day of an employee at a company and must be done effectively so as to ensure that new employees easy find and identify a place for themselves at the organization. There are however some improvements that the company can make to the program so as to ensure that the new employees are well oriented. The company should have extended the time that is allocated to employees for the orientation. This would give employees more time to get used to their jobs. This can help foster productivity. The orientation process should also be made broader. Instead of having a board room meeting the company s hould organize a number of activities for orientation. This is because people learn best from processes that allow them to see, feel, touch and be one with whatever they are being oriented into. This will also promote productivity and faster settling in by employees. Incompetent workers should be dealt with accordingly. First of all, uncooperative behaviour should not be condoned as this contributes to poor work ethics. Individuals exhibiting such behaviour should have their terms or contracts terminated with immediate effect. The company’s discipline system recruitment rules to guidelines that are in the form of company policies which dictate what employees are allowed to and what they are not allowed to do. The rules are enforced in all departments of the organization. This has increased awareness of employees towards disciplinary measures that the organization takes Thomas (2011). The discipline program also contains a number of steps that are geared at correcting wrong em ployee behaviour. The system has two types of warnings and reprimands that an employee could receive for any form of misbehaviour. These include verbal and written reprimands. The discipline system contains elements such as suspensions without pay where by the reprimanded employee is supposed to take some time off their work without pay and serious offenses may invite a direct dismissal of the employee. This system is effective because it keeps all employees in check and ensures that they are all well disciplined at work. Relevant training sessions and courses should be offered frequently to maintain the credibility of the human resources and to keep up to date with the current technological know-how Barrile (2007). The company also needs to update all its technological equipments so that they may be at par with their competitors Stokes (2006). Management should understand that technologies are bound to change frequently and should therefore work to enable their fields to quickly ad opt these sudden changes Longenecker (2006). This involves greatly the financial sector which is prone to breaking under these sudden changes. Bladetech need to improve management of its financial sector by introducing aggressive individuals who are up to date on the newest forms of technologies Bates (2005). The company must integrate new individuals with new ideas into their work force. This will provide ideas on the improvement of their products and their performance hence better products. It requires these individuals to research other companies’ products in order to find new ideas in producing their own improved version of the products. This may also alleviate competition which was seen as a major hindrance towards the development of the company Drucker (2007). This intervention improves the productivity of the company by modifying the existing organization structures. So that the organization can be able to achieve its goals it is important that it changes its structure . By changing the structure the organization will be able to regain control of management and employees as well. This will increase the organizations efficiency and performance Spedding (2008).The implementations of these interventions require a dedicated process. As it may be costly to integrate new forms of technology, financial back ups are needed. This also requires agreement and support of each individual in the company. They should be ready to accept and implement the changes that come along with the implementations for the overall benefit of the company’s productivity. Bladetech management should incorporate the government in its dealings overseas. This will help promote its products and increase its marketing options. Employee diversity is also a major setback to employees working together. Therefore the organization should be able to harmonize all its employees so as to be able to achieve its goals. Employee relation intervention would be very important when there ar e many conflicts at the work place, when there is recruitment of new employees and low employee morale. The organization could implement this on the individual level and also on a personal level. These include: Individual coaching and Counselling: the organization could choose to hire a professional to coach and counsel individuals in the organization. Individuals could be coached on the importance of working together with their colleagues. Counselling may also offer a chance for individuals to voice their complaints about the work place. Mentorship Programs and Visionary Leadership: the organizations top brass for example, the CEO should have a mentorship program for the organizations employees. Management should lead the other employees towards meeting the organizations goals. Leadership and mentorship should be by example. The company should also address employees as a group. The organization should resolve all conflicts that exist between employees. The organization must encoura ge dialoguing and an open communication line between employees. The organization should encourage team building and offer incentives for teams that have good performance Barrile (2007). It is also important to increase employee performance so as to increase the overall performance of the organization. The organization’s goals offer the reference to performance. The organization should clearly state its objectives and the progress to the goals must be monitored regularly. The organization should have a feedback system that tells employees hoe close or how far they are from the organization’s objectives. So as to be able to meet this objectives employee performance is critical Barrile (2007). The first step to performance management is the statement of the organization’s performance goals. The organization must have clearly stated and defined goals. Employees should be made aware of these goals. The next step would be coming up with a performance plan. The company must routinely monitor and track this plan. The organization should evaluate performance and reward where due. The performance plans of the organization should be open to development. They should allow for improvement. Morale Boosting and employee Motivation: the organization can use incentives and gifts to motivate employees. The organization should propose a system which offers employees financial incentives which are pegged on the profits made by the company. This will increase work input and output. This will in turn increase the company’s profits. Employees participating in the scheme directly affect the company’s profits. The organization must ensure that the scheme motivates the selected employees to be more productive. The goals and ambitions must be realistic and attainable. The organization must spell out goals that can be achieved. It would be best if the goals were based on the history of the company. If the goals are set too high it would demoralize emplo yees Barrile (2007). The organization should provide a suitable climate for the development of employee careers. Promotions should be given upon merit not based on years of service. This will enhance career development for hardworking employees. It will also act as a motivating factor. The organization must also plan for leadership and management. Only qualified employees should be promoted to leadership and management positions. This will ensure that the organization has competent leadership and thus increase the company’s productivity Williamson (2004). Benefits are offered by employers so as to make the employee’s stay at the company comfortably and will be more inclined to staying at the company. Other benefits that are offered by employees are so as to enable employees to be able to balance their work and social life outside work. This allows employees to have time for their family, friends or whatever they is important in their lives (Ivancevich, 2010). The main intention of these benefits is to make sure employees are highly motivated and have the morale to work. This is because the benefits are out to make employees happy and if employees are happy at the work place they will increase their work input as well as their work output. The benefits are also beneficial to the company since they ensure the company retains its critical employees. By being able to retain critical employees the organization remains strong towards the path of reaching its goals and objectives. Work life programs help to bridge the gap between work and the personal life of an employee. These programs create a balance between work and the personal lives of employees. This leads to an increase in productivity and work output and creates a better place for employees to work in. There are various options of work life programs for example adjustable work arrangements, salary bonuses and discounts foe employees. Good work life programs highly motivate employees to work bet ter and to love their jobs. Conclusion Organization Development interventions require a leader who is actively participating in the in the interventions. The organization should not implement the above discussed interventions without a good leader. It will negate the need to implement them. A leader is needed to guide and inspire the change required in the organization. The leader should be a visionary. As discussed early they should commence from the apex of the organization. They should start with the CEO and go all the way down to the lowest employee. The organization should also constantly reward employees who embrace the interventions. This will motivate all employees to embrace change Williamson (2004). Reference List Barrile Steve,and Terry Cameron. 2007 Business Management: Corporate Management, People and Change: VCE Units 3 4. South Yarra, Vic.: Macmillan Education Australia. Bates,Bronwynne. 2005.Business Management: Fresh Perspectives. Cape Town, South Africa: Pearson E ducation. Burrow, Jim, Brad Alan Kleindl, and Kenneth E. Everard. 2008. Business Principles and Management. Mason, OH: Thomson Learning. Drucker, Peter Ferdinand. 2007. The Practice of Management. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Dustdar, Schahram, JoseÃŒ  Luiz Fiadeiro, and A. Sheth. Business Process Management: 4th International Conference, BPM 2006, Vienna, Austria, September 5-7, 2006: Proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2006. Print. Jeston, John, and Johan Nelis. 2006. Business Process Management: Practical Guidelines to Successful Implementations. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Longenecker, Justin Gooderl, and Justin Gooderl Longenecker. 2006 Small Business Management: an Entrepreneurial Emphasis. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Longenecker, Justin Gooderl. 2010. Small Business Management: Launching Growing Entrepreneurial Ventures. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning, Nieuwenhuizen, C.,and Barney Erasmus. 2007. Business Management for Entrepreneurs. Cape Town: J uta. North, Klaus. 1997. Environmental Business Management: an Introduction. Geneva: International Labour Office. Nuthall, P. L. 2010. Farm Business Management: the Core Skills. Cambridge, MA: CABI North American Office. Spedding, Linda S., and Adam Rose. 2008. Business Risk Management Handbook: a Sustainable Approach. Oxford: Elsevier/CIMA, Statt, David A., and David A. Statt. 1999. Concise Dictionary of Business Management. New York: Routledge. Stokes, David, Nicholas Wilson, and David Stokes. 2006. Small Business Management and Entrepreneurship. London: Thomson Learning. Thomas, Christopher and Dianne. 2011. Organisational Change Development Transformation. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Williamson, David. 2004. Strategic Management and Business Analysis. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heineman. This essay on Organisational Change and Development was written and submitted by user Ronald Nunez to help you with your own studies. 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Improve your college paper writing with us! Why Your College Writing is Not Getting Good Grades - Tips to Fix It Once you walk into your first college class, you are subject to much higher expectations for course work. Your reading assignments will be more frequent and lengthier; your assignments will be more challenging; and the type of college papers you must produce will be more complex and held to a higher standard than is typical for high school students. It is highly unlikely that your professors will do the following: Receive a rough draft, make corrections and suggestions for improvement, and then receive a final draft for ultimate grading. Assist you in improving your writing, unless it is a writing course with a lab component. It is highly likely that your professor will do the following: Read and assign a grade to an essay or paper that you submit Assign a poor grade if the piece of writing does not meet his/her expectations If your writing assignments result in poor grades, there may be a number of reasons, and there are also methods for fixing any of the issues you may have with your research and writing skills. Mis-understanding/Failing to Adhere to the Specifics of the Assignment This is one of the most common mistakes students make. When a college paper assignment is given, they fail to read carefully from their syllabi or listen to their professors’ specifications. Frequently, a details of a writing assignment will be contained in the syllabus, so be certain that you read them very carefully and stick exactly to what your professor wants. If the assignment specifies that you compare and contrast, then that is exactly what you must do; if you are to analyze an outside reading assignment, then you are to read it carefully, take it apart, summarizing the points the author is making and commenting on those points. If you are asked to evaluate, you are being asked to make a judgment – are the author’s points or opinions valid? Why or why not? If you are to write a book review discussing one of its themes, you will not be providing a plot summary. The Fix: Read the assignment very carefully and look for key words – compare, contrast, analyze, discuss, respond to, evaluate, describe, etc. If you do not understand the assignment, contact your professor of the TA. Do not do a thing until you know exactly what is expected of you. Too Broad or Too Narrow a Topic You will usually be given a minimum and maximum length for a writing assignment, ad your topic must be of a breadth and depth to â€Å"fit.† When you choose a topic that is too broad, you will become overwhelmed with the amount of information there is and may fall into a trap of leaving out crucial research and points, in order to stay within the length requirement. If your topic is too narrow, there will not be enough information to meet the minimum requirement, you may try to add â€Å"fluff† to fill pages, and your grade will definitely suffer. The Fix: If you have to choose your own topic within a broad area, select a couple that are of interest. Contact your professor or TA and ask for advice. They are usually happy to help! If your topic is too broad, you can probably narrow it down to one or more aspects; if it is too narrow, better pick something else. Part of writing a college paper is selecting a topic that is correct for the required length! Unsophisticated Research You are in college now, and Wikipedia is not a resource for research. You will be expected to find scholarly resources on your topic. If you use the same types of resources that you did in high school, or if you use resources intended for middle and high school levels, your professor will be angry, and you could easily end up with an â€Å"F.† The Fix: Once you have your topic, perform a simple â€Å"Google† search. For example, use â€Å"college level resources for eugenics movements in the United States.† You will get a long list, including one or two clearing houses of resource lists. Choose your resources from among these lists and be grateful you are not in college 4 decades ago when searches had to be conducted in the library, using the card catalogue! And if you do go to the campus library, you can search by topic and be comfortable knowing that resources housed there are at an appropriate level of sophistication. One note, however: Wikipedia does have its place, particularly as you are attempting to refine a topic, because the entries are almost always divided into sub-topics. Lack of a Thesis You may have been able to get away with this in high school, but never when writing college papers. Choosing a topic is one thing. Coming up with a solid thesis is quite another. The thesis statement tells your reader why you have researched this topic or presents your viewpoint or opinion on the topic. Without a thesis, your paper has no scholarly merit and will certainly earn an â€Å"F.† The Fix: Once you have a topic, ask yourself some questions about it. Is this something that most people don’t understand? Why is it important? What is your purpose in researching this – are you trying to enlighten, persuade, or analyze? When you answer one or more of these questions you will have your thesis statement. (And put it at the end of your introductory paragraph) Composition Issues If you lack good writing skills – organization, coherence, paragraph development, sentence structure, transitions, mechanics, you will always receive lowered grades, no matter for what course you are writing an essay or paper. The Fix: Unfortunately, correcting this issue is a process that takes times. You need to begin a self-taught program of grammar and composition, get a tutor, or spend a lot of time in the writing lab. Anyone can become a good academic writer, but it takes commitment and lots of practice. In the meantime, you may want to enlist the services of a reputable academic writing service that can provide you with original, custom writing while you develop your own skills.

The role of nursing theory in nursing education, research, and Essay

The role of nursing theory in nursing education, research, and clinical practice - Essay Example Nursing theories help in generating further knowledge in the field of nursing. Though some theories may differ and can be confusing to the nurses, they are all meant to provide additional information to the nurses. Nursing theories are supposed to form the basis of practice, in that they lay down the foundation and provide a framework upon which training is based on. Before the training starts, it is important to bring out some ideas and concepts, which will help the students to comprehend the training process. The theories act as a form of introduction, thus preparing the nurses for the practice (Parker and Smith, 2010). One will find that other professions have theories that help in establishing a unique approach to the different aspects involved in that particular discipline. Since nursing is also a profession, it is important for it to have its own theories that will help the nurses to understand their role and purpose in the medical sector. Nurses need to be recognized in their own profession and this can be achieved by establishing a unique body of knowledge and concepts. Therefore, nursing theories play a role in establishing the professionalism in Nursing by providing a different approach to health care and treatment from the one used by doctors. They play an important role in creating a boundary between medicine and nursing. They help in defining a nurse’s role in the hospital, medical field, or medical practice (Ahmad, 2010). Nursing theories play a role in reinforcing nursing practices for they provide education required in treatment and care of the patients. They help the nurses to understand why a certain procedure is carried out in a certain manner and help the students to react in an appropriate manner when faced by a particular situation. By providing the education needed, the nurses are able to carry out the actual practices that their nursing