The Rise and Falls to Modern Medicine essays

The Rise and Falls to Modern Medicine essays In "the Miller's Tale", Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the parish priest assistant Absolon and his sexual interests in Allison, the miller's daughter. In addition to his "religious" duties, he also had obligations in hair cutting. He could "laten" blood, shave, and "clippe". This latter term fives rise to the medical treatment bleeding which was performed by most barbers of that era. After the disappearance of medicine during the Dark Ages, a new knowledge surfaced throughout the medical community. During these times there were a great many scientific breakthroughs. The findings of William Harvey proved that blood traveled through veins away from the heart. Claudius Galen, a renowned physician and philosopher, succeeded in explaining the function of nerves, brain structures, and some physiological tendencies of the body. However, he also contributed to the hindrance of medical advancement. He performed dissections on the human body to better his understanding as a physician. His only knowledge of the human anatomy was from that of animals; therefore, the public or medical community did not accept his studies. His incompetence slowed medical process for along time; thus, hie teaching were politely shoved aside so that physicians could "search for a scientific basis for medical knowledge." This new direction of medical practices still held onto some of the old med ieval ways. Other than cutting hair, barbers were surgeons attending to small wounds, doing minor surgery, and bleeding. People believed that bloodletting could aside in many diseases though it resulted only in the rapid spread of deaths among people with potential to recover. This renaissance uncovered many discoveries that lead to the use of modern medicine such as the stethoscope, the digestive system, serums, antitoxins, and even hypnosis. The ways in medieval times initiated some of the greatest medical advances in the world, though today's society would probably be more acce...

The Largest Countries by Population in 2100

The Largest Countries by Population in 2100 In 2017, the United Nations Population Division released its World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, a set of population projections out to the year 2100 for the planet Earth and for individual countries. The United Nations expects the global population- 7.6 billion as of 2017- to reach 11.2 billion by the year 2100. The report placed current population growth at 83 million people per year. Key Takeaways: The Most Populous Countries in 2100 The U.N. expects the current global population of 7.6 billion to reach 11.2 billion in 2100. Most population growth is expected to take place in a small group of countries, including India, Nigeria, the United States, and Tanzania. In many other parts of the globe, fertility rates are declining, and populations are expected to see little or negative growth. Migration- driven by the effects of climate change and other challenges- is expected to play a larger role in demographic changes over the next century. The United Nations looked at population growth both globally and at the country level. Of the 10 largest countries, Nigeria is growing the fastest and is expected to have a population of nearly 800 million by 2100, making it even larger than the United States. By 2100, the U.N. predicts that only India and China will be larger than Nigeria. The Most Populous Countries in 2100 Current population growth varies wildly from country to country, and the list of the most populous nations in the world is expected to look much different by the turn of the next century. Ranking Country 2100 Population Current Population (2018) 1 India 1,516,597,380 1,354,051,854 2 China 1,020,665,216 1,415,045,928 3 Nigeria 793,942,316 195,875,237 4 United States 447,483,156 326,766,748 5 Democratic Republic of the Congo 378,975,244 84,004,989 6 Pakistan 351,942,931 200,813,818 7 Indonesia 306,025,532 266,794,980 8 Tanzania 303,831,815 59,091,392 9 Ethiopia 249,529,919 107,534,882 10 Uganda 213,758,214 44,270,563 These U.N. projections are based on national censuses and survey data from around the world. They were compiled by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. The full data is available for download in a customized Excel spreadsheet. Compared to current population estimates and 2050 population projections, note the high number of African countries on this list (five out of the top 10).  While  population growth rates are expected to decline in most countries in the world, African countries by 2100 may not experience much reduction in population growth at all. Even some countries whose growth rates are expected to decline will still become much larger, as their growth rates are already relatively high. Most notably, Nigeria is expected to become the third most populous country in the world, a spot long held by the United States of America. Of the five most populous nations in 2100, five are expected to be African countries. About half of the worlds population growth over the next 30 years is expected to take place in only nine countries: India, Nigeria, the Congo, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Tanzania, the United States, Uganda, and Indonesia. Reasons for Population Growth In developed nations around the world- including England, France, and Japan- fertility rates are declining, reducing overall population growth. However, some of the decline in growth is being mitigated by longer life expectancies, which have risen to 69 years for men and 73 years for women. The global increase in life expectancies is due to multiple factors, including a reduction in child mortality rates and improved treatment for HIV/AIDS and other diseases. In most developed nations, populations are expected to see minimal or negative growth over the next century. Diminished fertility rates will result in aging populations, with people over the age of 60 making up about 35 percent of Europes population (they currently make up only 25 percent). Meanwhile, the number of people over the age of 80 is expected to increase as well. By 2100, the U.N. predicts there will be about 900 million people in this age cohort around the globe, nearly seven times as many as there are now. Another reason for shifting populations, the U.N. notes, is migration, and the Syrian refugee crisis, in particular, is expected to substantially increase the populations of Syrias neighbors, including Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. Migration is also expected to take place in other parts of the globe, much of it driven by the effects of climate change. As rising temperatures disrupt ecosystems and increase food insecurity, more and more populations will be displaced, causing demographic changes in affected areas. A 2018 report by the World Bank found that worsening climate change could cause more than 140 million people to become climate migrants by 2050.

Current event paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Current event - Research Paper Example Fingerprint scanning is a new method unveiled by phone manufacturers as an alternative way of getting information from personal devices such as smartphones. FBI has criticized the ruling claiming that the ruling would place users above the law. The complainant considered an appeal to overturn the password ruling in Virginia court. The law: The article addresses the components of Fifth Amendment Act in the United States constitution. The act gives criminal suspects the right to avoid incriminating themselves to court cases by way of providing secret passwords through coercion. The act does not cover fingerprints and biometric information, which gives law enforcers the authority to use them as means for getting information from criminal suspects. Comments: David Baust had the right of protecting his privacy based on the provisions of the Fifth Amendment. It was legal for him to refuse to provide phone password that would have provided the suspected video evidence. The police officers did not have the absolute authority to coerce Baust to provide phone password. Instead, they would have used fingerprint sensors to get into his phones and get embarrassing items that could stand as evidence in the case. I support the final the ruling of Judge Steven Frucci because it is within the provisions of Fifth Amendments. Facts: several mothers went to court in a bid to ask the court to overrule the decision made in 1977 that government workers could pay union fees. The decision allowed unions to ask for fees from the workers even when they disagreed with the position of the union that represents them. The Supreme Court decreed in favor of the plaintiffs citing that the targeted government employees did not require to pay any fees to the unions that represent them. The court addressed the category of partial public employees that has freedom of joining or opting out of a union or refuses to pay

Sonys Marketing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sonys Marketing Strategies - Essay Example It has also developed a direct-marketing solution named eBridge[TM] to help marketers gain insights into the target audience and thus assess the effectiveness of campaigns. Sony has also developed a strong product portfolio and also concentrates on product diversification to increase its reach to the end-users and is also attempting to integrate its whole portfolio of devices in a networked home-entertainment system to make them more useful for the consumers. It is also trying to strengthen its existing strong brand image and trying to consolidate its market position by market development as well as mergers and acquisitions. Adding to this, Sony's creativity to make inventions, creativity in product planning and production as well as creativity in marketing has enabled it to gain an edge over its competitors. The market is dynamic and is characterised by unpredictable patterns in terms of customer perception, competitive strategies adding to this the political, economic, social and technological (PEST) elements of the market environment change continuous; hence

Personal Leadership Plan Essay Example for Free

Personal Leadership Plan Essay Aspiring to be a Life Coach upon receiving my degree in Human Services, I have chosen to write about the roles of Life Coaches and a projected practice I aspire to one day develop or be a part of. Throughout this personal leadership plan, I will include keys points of interest of a Life Coach; objectives, values, and ethics I personally feel should be incorporated, as well as the role ethics play within the profession of Life Coaching. Coaches work in a variety of specializations (such as personal/life and corporate/business) in order to help their clients. Coaches are specifically trained in coaching through a school or mentor coach, and use/incorporate their individual life experience in their practice. Although each coach measures their progress differently, achievement is always measured by progress made by the coaches’ clients. Due to the personal nature of most coaching relationships, this Ethics Code provides the framework and values upon which professional coaches, base their practice. The purposes of this Code are threefold. First, it provides the broad principles and values to which coaches subscribe. These include confidentiality and the utmost concern for the welfare and success of the client. Secondly, it provides rules for coaches to use in many of the specific situations that a coach might encounter. Finally, this Code is meant to serve as a building block for the ethical and moral standards of coaches. While each individual coach agrees to follow this Code, they are encouraged to supplement and add to it in order to build a lifelong commitment to building an ethical workplace and profession. -Objectives- The primary objective of my life coaching practice would be as follows: 1. Provide a means for individual students and clients to evaluate their own ethical standards and behaviors and make adjustments if necessary to meet the established standards. 2. Provide a means for participants of the life coaching practice programs to evaluate the standards and practices used by their students and clients and to validate that participants are receiving professional and ethically soun d training  and development. 3. Provide a means for the life coaching practice to evaluate the standards and behaviors of students and clients to ensure a high ethical standard is being met. 4. Provide a means to educate the public and to promote the high ethical standards practiced by members of the life coaching practice. -Values- The profession of Life Coaching holds respect for the worth, dignity and capability of every human being as its primary value. Therefore, my life coaching practice shall not discriminate against anyone on the basis of race, color, language, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, physical and mental ability, economic condition or national ancestry. Furthermore, they shall work towards preventing and eliminating such discrimination in rendering service, in work assignments and in employment practices. The profession of Life Coaching affirms that all people have the right to well-being. In addition, all people have the right to learn the skills necessary for the development of human relationships and that each person has the right to self-determination with due regard to the rights of others. -Purpose for Code of Ethics- †¢ To define accepted/acceptable behaviors; †¢ To promote high standards of practice; †¢ To provide a benchmark for visitors, members and students to use for self evaluation; †¢ To establish a framework for professional behavior and responsibilities; †¢ As a vehicle for personal identity; †¢ As a mark of personal maturity; -Responsibility of Confidentiality- The commitment to confidentiality fosters open communication and is essential to effective Life Coaching work. Concerns about privacy and confidential matters can arise throughout the entire professional relationship. -Responsibility to Self- In private life or professional activity, an individual of the Life Coaching practices behavior reflects upon the profession as a whole. -Responsibility to Group and Individuals- Life Coaches should recognize their primary professional responsibility under all circumstances is to the  group and individuals they are serving. Life Coaches should recognize that they bear a considerable social responsibility because their recommendations and professional actions influence the lives of others. -Responsibility to the Profession- The Life Skills profession has a public responsibility to provide competent coaching services. Therefore, individual Life Coaches are encouraged to support and uphold ethical standards and behavior.   -Responsibility to the Community- As Life Coaches are viewed as role models in the communities in which they live and serve, their integrity and behavior reflect upon the profession as a whole. In closing, the profession of Life Coaching is one in which is rich with ethical and moral influence. It should be the Life Coaches primary concern and intent to deliver the utmost level of ethically, morally, and lawfully driven and derived advice and assistance to each and every client he/she works with. It is important to remember, that all lives deserve and have the right to receive the same level of value and respect. It is also vital to remember everyone is an individual, and should be treated as such. Each client as well as the past and present situations they have/are experiencing are unique, therefore there is not just one way to coach all clients.

All Quiet On The Western Front Themes :: essays research papers

1) The Destructiveness of War A major theme, not only on lives and property, but also on the human spirit. Men are subject to physical torment-eyes are blinded, limbs are blown off, blood flows everywhere, and innocent men die in agony. When soldiers take shelter in the graveyard, bombs explode all around them, the living hide in coffins and the dead are thrown from their graves. The destructive power is so great that even the fundamental differences between life and death become blurred. The impact of war on the spirit is subtle. They find themselves less able to returrn to civilian life- friends die all around them. 2) The Lost Generation This theme is an offshoot of the destructiveness of war. Paul's generation grew up too fast, its perceptins of life grossly distorted by the horror or war. The youthful idealism that might someday have blossomed into constructive maturity has been nipped in the bud. Unlike earlier generations, Paul can never again hope to find comfort and inspiration in the hollow rhetoric of politicians and generals. The war has shattered their illusions. Their innocence is gone, and only in aimless skepticism is left to fill the void. 3) Comraderie The theme of comraderie occurs constantly in the novel. The comraderie that exists in Paul's company keeps them from being driven insane by the horrors all around them. In a sense, the comraderie among Paul's friends can be seen as a last desperate clinging to the innocence of youth. These young men were transported almost directly to the battlefield from the schoolyard. The adolescent pranks of Paul and his classmates can be seen in their "adult" behavior, as in their attack on Himmelstoss. If the social responses of Paul adn his friends seem at time childish, it is essential to remember that these are young men whose experience of life took them directly to the barracks from the classroom. If they seem immature, it may be because they weren't given the chance to grow up normally. The best example of this theme os when Kat and Paul shared their roasted goose with Kropp and Tjaden. They were taking care of each other. 4) Alienation The theme of alienation develops as the novel progresses. At first, Paul and his friends still behave as if their lives will someday return to normal. In the middle of the book, Paul goes home on leave, only to discover that his real home is now with his friends on the front.

Issuing Public Offering Essay

Financial Markets the world over are classified into two types of markets; the primary and secondary markets. The primary market is a market for new securities issued by the corporations to raise capital, on the other hand secondary markets deal in trade of securities previously issued by corporations, transactions in the secondary market typically do not involve the corporations whose financial assets are traded between two investors. The most popular method of going public is the IPO or the Initial Public Offering method. The IPO involves a financial intermediary such as an investment bank, which underwrites the new securities i. . buys the securities form the corporation and then resells it to investors. The investment bank assumes the risk of distributing the securities. However this process is only viable for large organization with strong liquidity position because it is extremely expensive, time consuming and risky (Underwriters can back out at the last moment). Alternately the corporation could use the Direct Public Offering (DPO) process, this is similar to the IPO process except that the corporation itself acts as the underwriter. The corporation registers its securities with the regulating body itself and sells it to investors directly. The process is considerably less costly however it is quite labor intensive. Other less conventional routes to the public securities market include utilizing the Exchange Act Registration of 1934. The organization can sell its shares privately to investors and register under the act, thereby listing the securities on the NASDAQ Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTC-BB). The OTC-BB is not a stock exchange but allows brokers and investors to quote and trade the stock. The company (private) could also acquire major shares of a public company and become publicly listed. Ideally the public company has no assets, liabilities or operations, such firms are referred as public shells. Once the merger is consummated, the merged entity could change its name and management at the discretion of the private company. Another method o get publicly listed is through a registered spin off. Under this method the private corporation issues its common stocks to a publicly traded company, the stock sale is registered with the Securities Exchange Commission and these are distributed to the existing shareholders of the publicly traded corporation. This result in two companies with pubic shareholders, the spin off company can later list itself independently. Once the company goes public i. e. its securities are listed on the Securities Exchange Markets like the NYSE or NASDAQ, any future transaction of these securities becomes a secondary market transaction and prices are determined by the market dynamics. Equity or Debt Securities Before we decide on how to acquire the funds we must understand the effects of the anticipated recession on the financial market. A recession would be characterized by low level of economic activity. During a recession the demand for money will fall in the face of increased interest rates, which imply higher cost of money. The Federal Reserve on the other hand will try to stimulate the economy by loosening the money supply and driving interest rates down. Therefore there is a tendency for interest rates to decline especially in the short term. If I were the financial manager of the company, I would issue short-term callable bonds to finance the project. Once the economy goes into recession the interest rates would tend to decrease; this will make the bond trade in the secondary market for a premium value. Since the bonds are callable the company can call them at the quoted price. The decrease in interest rates will make the stock market more lucrative for investors as they could get higher returns on their investment in the stock market. Since the investors will pull the money out of the bond market and inject it in the stock market, it will lead to an increase in demand for stocks, pushing the prices of stocks upwards. As the prices of stocks would increase the company could sell its stock for higher par value in the market and generate additional funds.

Carver’s Cathedral Critical Perpective Essay

I reviewed a collection of literary criticism on Carver’s Cathedral, a collection of short stories written by Carver which was published in 1983. One that stood out to be in particular was James W. Grinnell’s criticism on Carver’s Cathedral works. Grinnell wrote his review in the winter of 1984, and went on to say many things about Carver’s work. Grinnell mostly praises Carver’s work and his addition of newer and more creative ideas in his latest work. Grinnell also believes that Carver has improved his, what some called â€Å"old† style, by adding new elements to his work. James W. Grinnell opens his critique by saying, â€Å"Things are finally looking up for Raymond Carver. † I have to say I agree with Grinnell’s opening statement, the stories in Cathedral were some of which had a more pleasing and refreshed outlook on life. James Grinnell gives an overview of Carver’s life. To paraphrase Grinnell, Carvers life was not always on the positive side that it seemed like it was on since the release of Cathedral. Carver was married at the age of eighteen and he had a lot of responsibilities at that early age. Carver had the responsibilities of supporting his children and wife at this age while working dull, routine jobs. Grinnell goes on to explain how Carver was raise in a poor neighborhood in the city of Yakima, Washington. Then Carver was able to go to college and complete a Bachelor’s Degree from Chico State in California. After college Carver took up writing from the University of Iowa’s Writers’ Workshop, making just enough to barely survive in the year he spent there. After these experiences Carver took up drinking while wasting many years of his thirties. Which Carver fully accepted and did not make any excuses for. Before 1983, Carver wrote two books full of stories called Will you Please Be Quiet, Please? and What We Talk About When We Talk About Love. Compared to the long titles, the content of the stories were pretty short, many being less than or equal to ten pages each. Carver carefully crafted his stories despite his drinking and lack of comfortable writing space. Due to the restricted viewpoints and the characters not being quite clear, Carver gained a reputation for his kind of writing that won for him. According to Grinnell when Carver came out with Cathedral, â€Å"a book with a one-word title and a dozen, more fully fleshed-out stories,† which I agree totally with, the stories were still â€Å"hard little gems of fiction but they are a few carats heavier than those of the earlier books† (Grinnell p. 106). To summarize Grinnell, half of the stories were first person narrations, which Carver had tight control over his characters perspectives. Carver does not give too much to the outside world around his characters and allows the reader to bring their own emotional baggage to and from the stories. While Carver is a literary minimalist and presents the characters of his stories lives as nothing more than what it is. Grinnell uses the opening story Feathers as an example, explaining the story. Grinnell explains that the narrator’s daily routine is exhausted and weary and that his wife is broken when a coworker invites them over for dinner. Carver places details such as the television that has a plaster of Paris cast of crooked teeth, and a La-Z-Boy chair, as well as the host’s wife, and their baby that is described as fat and ugly, as well as a pet peacock. The narrator holds nothing back and shares with the reader that the baby was the ugliest they had ever seen. The night turns out to be a nice, special one that is actually memorable because after that their lives became even duller. The narrator and his wife have a child of their own, who developed â€Å"a conniving streak in him. Grinnell explains that Carver’s characters â€Å"Often experience a special moment which almost affords them a glimpse of something elusive- a better life perhaps† Grinnell then says that they cannot actually achieve it hence they retreat to drinking or their regular boring life which seems even duller by the missed opportunity to achieve this better life. Grinnell calls â€Å"Cathedral† the peak story of the collection, and also refers to it as â€Å"this little masterpiece,† which I also agree with; Cathedral was my favorite story honestly. Grinnell tells that the piece concluded with the narrator trying to describe to a blind man a cathedral that he sees on television, but his words fail. Then the narrator tries to show the experience by holding the blind man’s hand while making a sketch of cathedral. The narrator then closes his eyes after the blind man asks him to. Grinnell expresses that the blind man is more perceptive than the narrator is and when the narrator closes his eyes, he gains a new dimension of perception. Grinnell ends his critique by saying Carver’s life seems to be coming back together and that his art is blooming, while he thinks that Cathedral is a major part of a new beginning for Carver’s writing career. The second literary criticism text I chose to select was one from Randolph Paul Runyon, which was written in 1992. Runyon’s essay examined the connecting elements and recurring themes in the short stories from Cathedral. Runyon first reviews â€Å"Feathers,† and mentions the characteristics of the setting. Runyon mentions the â€Å"old plaster-of-Paris cast of the most crooked, jaggedy teeth in the world† as well as the pet peacock and the baby. To summarize Runyon, the narrator of the story ends up mentioning that the evening was a special one that made him forget his everything in his life. Runyon says that there are two different interpretations of the meaning of the visit; one was that for the narrator’s wife the visit was a reminder of what went wrong in their lives in the beginning. The other one is that for the narrator it was glimpse of paradise, that he would never see again which was symbolized by the pet peacock. Runyon believes there is a possible three interpretation, which can be seen from a different point of the nonparticipants of the story. This is the point of view that the reader sees and the one that escaped Jack and Fran. The story takes place in the evening which they both always remember it began with a little story about the difficulty of remembering. This tied into a previous story that Carver had written. Another thing Runyon mentions about â€Å"Feathers† is that a lot of things are presented in pairs in the story such as the narrator and his wife, the baby and the peacock, the teeth â€Å"before† and â€Å"after. † Then Runyon goes on to say that it was fitting for the first story of the collection to begin with a series of chains of before and after, and we should be accustomed to them now because this is the way his short story sequences seem to be put together. Runyon then talks about â€Å"Cathedral,† which he starts off by summarizing the story, saying that before the narrator’s wife married him she worked as a reader for Robert and that they had exchanged tapes in the years since. When the narrator’s wife was telling him about Robert she told the narrator that she had talked about him in a tape to Robert and Robert had something to say about the narrator in his tape back to her, but what Robert had said about the narrator was never fully told since an interruption came at that time. This type of interruption had been seen in another one of Carver’s works. To summarize Runyon, the narrator was annoyed at first that Robert was coming to visit because he has never had much to do with blind people and he thinks he will be uncomfortable. Robert is a nice man that enjoyed thing just like any other person would, good food, good drinking and good marijuana although he was just trying it for the first time. Runyon then summarizes the rest of the story, and then adds his opinion. Runyon believes that the conclusion is intended to make the reader think to explore many of Carver’s other pieces. Runyon says that the conclusion also reminded him of the conclusion of â€Å"The Bridle† when Holits was high on the cabana roof since the narrator and the blind man drew the cathedral while they’re high. Also a significant role reversal was seen since at first the narrator was in charge of drawing the cathedral on the heavy paper so that Robert could move his fingers over the paper to get an idea of what it looked liked, but by the end the blind man is actually guiding the narrator. The blind man was basically showing the narrator what it was like to be blind, when the blind man tells the narrator to close his eyes. Runyon says the collaboration between the two, the blind man and the narrator, was something like collaborattion Carver held with his editor (p. 176). I agree with a lot of things I read in both of these pieces of criticism. I like the criticism given by Grinnell the most, and I would say it was a really good one. Not all of the stories of the collection were gone over in these though. I agree that drinking is often turned to by the characters of Carver’s writing, like when Robert first got to the narrators home, the narrator offered him a drink right away, I said, â€Å"Let me get you a drink. What’s your pleasure? We have a little of everything. It’s one of our pastimes† (Carver). The narrator then closes his eyes after the blind man asks him to. Grinnell expresses that the blind man is more perceptive than the narrator is and when the narrator closes his eyes, he gains a new dimension of perception. Also when Grinnell expressed that the blind man is more perceptive than the narrator, I agreed as well. Although the narrator has been able to see all of his life he doesn’t comprehend that being blind doesn’t mean that a person is completely handicapped but he isn’t completely normal either. The narrator says â€Å"I’ve never met, or personally known, anyone who was blind. † The narrator also thinks that Robert could be taken bowling which is not very realistic. I do believe at the end the narrators perception is taken to a new depth especially while he mentions that the drawing they worked on was really something, saying that with his eyes closed.

It coursework project 1a Essay Example

It coursework project 1a Essay Example It coursework project 1a Essay It coursework project 1a Essay In this coursework I will try to encourage middle aged adults to ride bikes as a frequent form of transport or leisure. I intend persuade my audience in form of a leaflet. In this I will explain the environmental issues and the safety that is involved while cycling. Microsoft Publisher 97 will be the software that will help me create this leaflet. I will be saving my coursework in a specially allocated area for me, within my schools Local Area Network (LAN). My Network Area This shows the directories and sub-directories where I will save my work, in the form of a tree diagram. This screenshot proves where I will be saving the work for this coursework. For my internet search I will be using a very good and popular search engine, google. It can found at google.com I will start by searching for cycling With the single keyword cycling I got 3,390,000 results, which is too much to manually look through. I will use more keywords to narrow down the results that I get. As you can see, I got 3,390,000 results, which is too much to manually look through. By using more keywords, I will narrow my search down and filter unwanted results. Just by adding a few more keywords, my search has narrowed down to a more realistic number, but it is still not practical to search through 3,220 webpages. The + sign in front of the keywords, tell the search engine that the results must include these results. The - sign in front if the keywords tell the search engine to filter results with these words. Its illegal to copy, distribute or alter the contents of copyright material without the owners permission. There is a data protection act which states that companies that keep records of their customers personal details, should inform the customers that they have these details, and the data that they keep must be up to date. Banks keep sensitive information of their customers credit rating which is very sensitive, and the customers should be able to view these details when they wish. Addresses of customers must be kept up to date. I took the screenshot below from msn.co.uk from the bottom of the web page. This shows the copyright of that web page. There are many health issues related to ICT: ; Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) which is reconised as the stiffness of the arms or shoulders. It is caused by repetitive finger movements over large periods of time. To reduce the risk of RSI, you should buy a keyboard with an ergonomic design and regularly take breaks while using the keyboard, for long periods of time. ; Adjustable chairs and screen that can tilt will help prevent back pain and also prevent eyes strain. ; A monitor placed from a user can cause the user o strain their eyes. ; General Stress and fatigue can sometimes be caused when users stay in contact their machine for prolonged periods of time. Taking breaks can help reduce this. ; There should be no wiring left around the room for anyone to trip over. ; Electrical sockets should not be overloaded. ; The sockets should have the correct fuses and the computer should be properly earthed. ; Fire extinguishers should be available to counter any fires that occur from electrical devices. The fire extinguishers must not be water based, because they are not meant for use with electrical items. Advantages ; Word -Processors such as Microsoft word, allow us to edit documents without typing it all out again, which could be very time consuming. ; There are many graphic tools available, which are especially useful for presentations, and have effects that cannot be done by an unskilled hand. ; Some word- processors offer many very useful features such as spell check and word count. ; Large amounts of text and pictures can be easily and quickly copied. ; Files can be easily backed up in case of data loss. ; The internet has lots of information on a wide range on topics. This information can be quickly and easily found. Disadvantages: ; Computer games can be addictive and very time consuming. ; A computer has become so useful that many people spend most of their day on a computer, which prevents them from doing any exercise or socialising. In the future this can lead to an increased number of obese children. ; Data published on the net may be of adult content ands therefore not be suitable for children. Although there are some programs that can monitor activities on the net, programs of reasonable quality are usually expensive, and cannot substitute a human supervisor. ; For example, using an online purchasing system or any anything in which you upload sensitive information about yourself, is potentially dangerous because it is possible that hackers may intercept the data. ; Some people may not know how to use a computer (or software) to its full potential. Some users may find it complicated. If someone gets unauthorised access to your computer, either through a network connection, or physically being at your terminal, they could quite easily delete all your files. This is unlikely with the manual method. Users may find that different software is incompatible with an earlier or later version of the same program or even completely different programs. This can be frustrating. A computer virus is a program which: * May attach itself to another program or file and runs when the program or file is executed. * It may alter the contents of your hard drive and may delete essential files, without your knowledge. * They may be spread from computer to computer, either by email, or downloading a file from an unknown source such as a website, claiming to give away free software or a person you have met in a chat room claiming to have the software that you need. Writing or knowingly distributing viruses is illegal and is a punishable offence. The schools computers were prevented from viruses by: * Using anti-virus software. * Regularly updating the database of the anti-virus software. * Files were automatically backed up in case of an virus attack or a loss of data. * I avoided downloading files from unknown sources, especially emails. Unsolicited email is very common to any frequent internet user. They usually advertise products but, very rarely, you may receive an email with an attachment. It may be from someone you do not know, and they may ask you to open the attachment in some way, for example, one might tell you that there is a game inside, and therefore ask you to try it out or maybe one might tell you that your requested files are in the attachment, if you get any of these emails delete them immediately without opening the attachment. I unfortunately had to learn this the hard way. Luckily my anti-virus software notified me of the presence of a virus and stopped me from executing the file, that was an attachment of an email. Hacking: Though it is not very usual, viruses can be introduced by users who have unauthorised access to the computer. These users are known as Hackers, and the method they use to get access to your computer is referred to as hacking, which involves breaking codes and passwords. Passwords: To reduce the risk of being hacked, users must use usernames and passwords. Each user has a unique username and a password that only the user should know. If the either the username or password is incorrect, access is restricted. The username identifies the user and the password is known only to the user and validates the users identity. Your password must be kept a secret, and if found out, must be changed immediately. Protecting passwords: They should not be a word found in the dictionary, or a word that is obvious. This prevents what is called a Dictionary attack. Programs are made to try out every word in the dictionary, as your password. They should be made longer than 6 characters There are programs which try every possible combination of numbers, letters and symbols as the password. It will take longer this way, but eventually it will work. To prevent this from happening, our school automatically prevents access to an account whereby the password has been incorrectly entered, a certain number of times. Advantages Word -Processors such as Microsoft word, allow us to edit documents without typing it all out again, which could be very time consuming. There are many graphic tools available, which are especially useful for presentations, and have effects that cannot be done by an unskilled hand. Some word- processors offer many very useful features such as spell check and word count. Large amounts of text and pictures can be easily and quickly copied. Files can be easily backed up in case of data loss. The internet has lots of information on a wide range on topics. This information can be quickly and easily found. Disadvantages: Computer games can be addictive and very time consuming. A computer has become so useful that many people spend most of their day on a computer, which prevents them from doing any exercise or socialising. In the future this can lead to an increased number of obese children. Data published on the net may be of adult content ands therefore not be suitable for children. Although there are some programs that can monitor activities on the net, programs of reasonable quality are usually expensive, and cannot substitute a human supervisor. For example, using an online purchasing system or any anything in which you upload sensitive information about yourself, is potentially dangerous because it is possible that hackers may intercept the data. Some people may not know how to use a computer (or software) to its full potential. Some users may find it complicated. ; If someone gets unauthorised access to your computer, either through a network connection, or physically being at your terminal, they could quite easily delete all your files. This is unlikely with the manual method. ; Users may find that different software is incompatible with an earlier or later version of the same program or even completely different programs. This can be frustrating. Its illegal to copy, distribute or alter the contents of copyright material without the owners permission. There is a data protection act which states that companies that keep records of their customers personal details, should inform the customers that they have these details, and the data that they keep must be up to date. Banks keep sensitive information of their customers credit rating which is very sensitive, and the customers should be able to view these details when they wish. Addresses of customers must be kept up to date. I took the screenshot below from msn.co.uk from the bottom of the web page. This shows the copyright of that web page. A computer virus is a program which: * May attach itself to another program or file and runs when the program or file is executed. * It may alter the contents of your hard drive and may delete essential files, without your knowledge. * They may be spread from computer to computer, either by email, or downloading a file from an unknown source such as a website, claiming to give away free software or a person you have met in a chat room claiming to have the software that you need. Writing or knowingly distributing viruses is illegal and is a punishable offence. The schools computers were prevented from viruses by: * Using anti-virus software. * Regularly updating the database of the anti-virus software. * Files were automatically backed up in case of an virus attack or a loss of data. * I avoided downloading files from unknown sources, especially emails. Unsolicited email is very common to any frequent internet user. They usually advertise products but, very rarely, you may receive an email with an attachment. It may be from someone you do not know, and they may ask you to open the attachment in some way, for example, one might tell you that there is a game inside, and therefore ask you to try it out or maybe one might tell you that your requested files are in the attachment, if you get any of these emails delete them immediately without opening the attachment. I unfortunately had to learn this the hard way. Luckily my anti-virus software notified me of the presence of a virus and stopped me from executing the file, that was an attachment of an email. Hacking: Though it is not very usual, viruses can be introduced by users who have unauthorised access to the computer. These users are known as Hackers, and the method they use to get access to your computer is referred to as hacking, which involves breaking codes and passwords. Passwords: To reduce the risk of being hacked, users must use usernames and passwords. Each user has a unique username and a password that only the user should know. If the either the username or password is incorrect, access is restricted. The username identifies the user and the password is known only to the user and validates the users identity. Your password must be kept a secret, and if found out, must be changed immediately. Protecting passwords: They should not be a word found in the dictionary, or a word that is obvious. This prevents what is called a Dictionary attack. Programs are made to try out every word in the dictionary, as your password. They should be made longer than 6 characters There are programs which try every possible combination of numbers, letters and symbols as the password. It will take longer this way, but eventually it will work. To prevent this from happening, our school automatically prevents access to an account whereby the password has been incorrectly entered, a certain number of times. There are many health issues related to ICT: Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) which is reconised as the stiffness of the arms or shoulders. It is caused by repetitive finger movements over large periods of time. To reduce the risk of RSI, you should buy a keyboard with an ergonomic design and regularly take breaks while using the keyboard, for long periods of time. Adjustable chairs and screen that can tilt will help prevent back pain and also prevent eyes strain. A monitor placed from a user can cause the user o strain their eyes. General Stress and fatigue can sometimes be caused when users stay in contact their machine for prolonged periods of time. Taking breaks can help reduce this. There should be no wiring left around the room for anyone to trip over. Electrical sockets should not be overloaded. The sockets should have the correct fuses and the computer should be properly earthed. Fire extinguishers should be available to counter any fires that occur from electrical devices. The fire extinguishers must not be water based, because they are not meant for use with electrical items. Dos ; Always save your work ; Always log off after the end of an I.T session. ; Tell the supervising teacher if you find anything damaged, before you start using the computer. ; Look in the help section of the programme if you run into difficulty. Pressing F1 will mormally give help and reading the relevant section may resolve the problem. If not, requwst supervision from the teacher or the I.T technician. ; Check any disks or files that you download onto the computer, with a virus scanner. Regularly make backups of your work. If it is present, make use of the Autosave function, which automatically saves your work at user-defined intervals. Donts Never eat or drink in the I.T lab. Never tamper with the wires behind the computer. Dont switch off or disconnect the machine if you have a problem. Call a teacher or I.T technition. ; Dont switch off the pc until you get this message: It is now safe to switch off Dont place unshielded equipment not supplied to the pc near to it. A radio or mobile phone near to the monitor,, for example, may cause a distorted picture. ; Dont get scratches on compact disks. This may result in them being unusable. Dont leave applications open when not in use. Too man applications open at any one time can slow down the operation of the pc. ; Dont delete files that you have not created. Programs have their own data files and deleting these files will stop the computer from working. Errors Errors occur when something goes wrong or something unexpected happens. Errors can occur in hardware and software. Hardware errors: Hardware errors usually occurs when the computer boots up. The following hardware error occurs when a computer boots up while floppy disk is present in its floppy disk drive. Invalid system disk Replace the disk, and then press any key. This happened to me many times. It required me to remove the floppy disk and then press any key. Software errors: Any error that occurs in the operating system or programs within it is a software error. The following error occurred to me, while I was using Microsoft Internet Explorer, and I had entered a web page that either could not be found or was invalid. Help: From the screenshot above, you can see that Internet Explorer offers some help on the error. Usually by pressing F1, a help menu can be accessed. Newer software offer online help, either in the form of guidance from a web page or a professional.

10 effective networking conversation starters

10 effective networking conversation starters Gone are the days that you just punch a clock from 9 to 5 on Monday through Friday and forget about work when you’re not there. These days, if you’re serious about your career- regardless of what field you’re in- it should always be something you’re working on. This includes managing your professional social media like LinkedIn, joining professional associations in your field and attending events, and working to build your network of colleagues and contacts to help you achieve your goals and climb your career ladder to the very top. Whether you’re currently employed or on the job hunt, networking has become an absolutely essential part of a career toolkit. There’s just too much fierce competition from qualified and capable individuals at all levels who have realized that no one is an island and if they want to set themselves up for success, they need to network and maintain career contacts and leverage them to improve their positions- and you can either join in or get left behind.The Balance published an article that included some compelling stats that highlight the value of networking:70 percent of people in 2016 were hired at a company where they had a connection.80 percent of professionals consider professional networking to be important to career success.35 percent of surveyed professional say that a casual conversation on LinkedIn Messaging has led to a new opportunity.61 percent of professionals agree that regular online interaction with their professional network can lead to the way into possible job opportunities.Okay, so hopefully by now you recognize the value of networking in order to enhance your career trajectory. But are you any good at it? The truth is, some folks are natural schmoozers and seem to be able to network wherever they find themselves, while others among us find it a bit more of a challenge and struggle at times to network effectively. Which camp are you in?Whether you’re a world champi on networker, a total networking newbie, or somewhere in-between, we can all benefit from a little help and some fresh ideas for meeting new people in our industry and making meaningful and lasting connections. It all comes down to how you handle the initial contact- the moment you approach or are approached by a potential contact and unleash your conversation starter- will you shine or shrink?Consider taking advantage of one of the following 10 starters when you find yourself in a potential networking situation.1. Hi, what brings you here today?- Here’s a simple, friendly, and direct question that you can comfortably bring up to any potential contact without throwing them off guard via a difficult curveball question. Although this starter works best at industry-focused events, you can feasibly modify it for nearly any situation.2. What do you do for a living?- Another simple and straightforward conversation starter that can really get the ball rolling if you follow up with g enuine interest in what the other person has to say. Plus, getting to know what the other person does can help you quickly determine how this individual could potentially fit in your networking orbit, which has its obvious benefits.3. Where are you from originally?- It’s almost a universal truism that most people are comfortable with and enjoy talking about their home towns, and it can really open up lots of interesting avenues for continued conversation. You’ll also score some bonus points if you have a common background.4. Hey, do you happen to have any recommendations for restaurants [or bars, or coffee shops] in this neighborhood?- If you’re new in town, or just new to the area in which you’re in, consider asking for a recommendation for something nearby. If the conversation goes well, you can always invite the person along to wherever they recommended.5. How did you hear about this event?- Most people enjoy debriefing about an event they’ve at tended, even while they’re still there. Reach out to someone to get their perspective on the event you’re attending, whether it’s a professional event or a social activity, and be ready for a floodgate of conversation.6. How are you enjoying this [insert event]?- This is a slight variation of the previous conversation starter, and once again a friendly way to engage a new potential contact and initiate a possibly fruitful conversation. Again, the key is to be genuinely interested in the response; people usually know when they’re dealing with someone sincere or not, and the reaction you get will likely be based on how you’re perceived during the early stages of the conversation.7. Hi, I really like your [article of clothing].- What better way to break the ice than with a well-placed compliment? If handled correctly, you can count on the flattered recipient to go into some detail about the item being discussed, and you can take it from there.8. What do you think of this [venue/space/etc.]?- This one works especially well if you’re in an interesting or historical event space, or if there’s some memorable or unusual aspect to the place you’re in. This one’s a pure conversation starter- use it just to break the ice and then move on to other topics.9. I’ve been so absorbed with the latest story about [insert current news event], how about you?- This is a little bit of a tricky one- although engaging someone in a conversation about a topical story in the news can lead to an engaging back and forth, be careful about choosing a â€Å"hot-button† or polarizing issue- if you espouse a strong opinion that the other person doesn’t agree with, you may be dooming your chances of making a long-lasting contact. Bottom line- choose your news event carefully.10. I’m always a little nervous at the beginning of the networking events, especially if I don’t know anyone.- Most people app reciate a little honesty when talking to someone new, and the truth is, if they’re feeling nervous than your mentioning this might help put them at ease and earn you some points with a new potential contact. The humble approach can work wonders, provided you come across as being sincere.There you have it- 10 surefire networking conversation starters that you can use to your advantage when the opportunity arises. After you break the ice, where you take the conversation from there is up to you. Good luck!

Article Review of Goodbye to the Age of Newspapers by Paul Starr Essay

Article Review of Goodbye to the Age of Newspapers by Paul Starr - Essay Example The main source of revenue for the newspaper companies in advertising has been greatly invaded by the internet which offers cheaper and more flexible mode of information distribution. Subsequently newspapers have slowly been wiped out through staff and company buy outs that have been associated with the low revenue and the numerous debts. He cites a variety of companies that have fallen victim of this movement alongside the recent financial crisis that worsened the problem. He also goes on to interrogate the reason as to why this a great concern for the community and the society in general. The newspaper companies are a source of income for the thousands of professional journalists, editors and writers who are since falling to the unemployed category after massive layoffs to maintain the profitability of the companies. The newspaper venture continues to receive a great challenge from the advancement in technology and this has made it quite unbearable an intolerable for the newspaper companies. The newspaper has been known to provide originality in the coverage of public affairs as opposed to the violence, crime and traffic tie-ups that have often dominated the internet and television broadcasts. This reduction in the content of reporting allows room for the defilement of the democratic spirit in the country since the newspaper have a great role in ensuring that this does not happen through public reporting. Social vices such as corruption begin to appe ar in the society and mostly the government which is kept on check by aggressive public reporting. This therefore has adverse implications on the health of the country’s democracy and the future of public politics. The influx of technology and specifically the internet was meant to amplify the cornucopia of information due to its flexibility. This has however occurred at the expense of the value of reported